History of linguistics (20th century) ; Written language ; Spoken language ; Sociodialectology ; Schriftgeschichte; Sprachwandel (graphet./graphem.) ; Language change (graphet./graphem.) ; Letter change; Buchstabenwandel; Writing system (history) ; Sprachwandel (synt.) ; Syntactic change ; Kanzleisprache; Chirograph; Bulle (Urkunde) ; Historical documents (language) ; Dialectometry ; Hochsprache; Schriftsprache; Acrolect; Standard language ; Dialect orthography ; Alternation (Orthographie) ; Schreibperformanz; Written composition (research on) ; Langue d'oïl; Old French ; Normannisch (in England) ; Anglo-Norman ; Middle French ; French (northern dialects) ; Langue d'oïl; Northern French dialects