Grammatisierung; Grammaticization; Kreolisierung; Creolization; Subjektivierung; Subjectification; Grammaticalization ; Transfer (languages in contact) ; Adstratum language; Adstratsprache; Interference ; Substratum language ; Superstratum language ; Ibero Creole; Portuguese Creole ; Afrika (port. Sprache in) ; Africa (Portuguese language in) ; Portuguese in Africa ; Ibero Creole; Spanish Creole ; Kateyano ; Afrika (span. Sprache in) ; Africa (Spanish language in) ; Melilla; Ceuta; Spanish in Africa ; Mataguayo; Wichí; Ashluslay; Chulupi; Chorote; Nivaclé; Mataco-Maca languages
