Sociolect ; Regel (variable) ; Variation (Grammatiktheorie) ; Variation (theory of grammar) ; Variable rule ; Speech perception (second language acquisition) ; Sprachperzeption (Zweitspracherwerb) ; Speech production/speech perception (second language acquisition) ; Lemmata ; Verba copulativa; Copulative verbs; Copula ; Tense (morph.) ; Null subject; pro-drop; Subjectless clause ; English (American) ; USA (English language in the) ; USA (engl. Sprache in den) ; English in the USA; Englisch in den USA; American English ; Chicano; Puertoricans; USA (span. Sprache in den) ; Mexican American Spanish; USA (Spanish language in the) ; Spanglish; Inglañol; Tex-Mex; Spanish in the USA