Vowel change ; Unidirectionality (language change) ; Generalization (language change) ; Language diffusion; Language shift; Sprachwechsel; Language spread ; Mundartforschung; Dialectology ; Acoustic phonetics ; Linguamotorik; Lingual articulation; Advanced tongue root; ATR (phonem. feat.) ; Vokalhöhe; Vowel height; Tongue position ; Phoneme identification ; Distinktive Merkmale; Distinctive features; Phonologische Merkmale; Features (phonem.) ; Merger (phonem.) ; Jeísmo; Seseo; Neutralization (phonem.) ; English (American) ; USA (English language in the) ; USA (engl. Sprache in den) ; English in the USA; Englisch in den USA; American English